What can provoke drug-induced gingival overgrowth?

Drug-induced gingival overgrowth is primarily associated with the use of certain medications, particularly anticonvulsants. Medications such as phenytoin, which are commonly prescribed for seizure disorders, have been extensively studied and documented for their side effect of causing gingival hyperplasia. This condition occurs due to an increase in the number of gum tissue cells, often exacerbated by factors such as plaque accumulation and genetic predisposition.

Anticonvulsants lead to changes in the metabolism of collagen and fibroblast activity within the gingiva, resulting in excessive proliferation of the gingival tissue. Hence, recognizing the link between these medications and gingival overgrowth is crucial for clinicians in managing patients who are on long-term anticonvulsant therapy. Regular dental check-ups and comprehensive oral hygiene education are vital for those on these drugs to mitigate the risk of gingival overgrowth.