What form of gingival enlargement results from hyperplastic changes in fibroblasts?

Fibrotic enlargement occurs as a result of hyperplastic changes in fibroblasts, which are the cells responsible for producing the extracellular matrix and collagen in connective tissue. When there is chronic irritation, such as from poor oral hygiene, certain medications, or systemic conditions, fibroblasts can undergo hyperplasia, leading to an excessive production of connective tissue. This results in a thickening of the gingival tissue, known as fibrotic enlargement.

This process is characterized by the accumulation of collagen fibers, which makes the tissue appear firm and nodular. It is important to distinguish this form of enlargement from others, such as those that may occur due to acute or chronic inflammation, where the underlying mechanisms and tissue composition differ significantly. Inflammation typically leads to a different cellular response and often results in edema and a softer tissue consistency rather than the firmer texture noted in fibrotic enlargement.

Understanding the histological changes associated with fibroblast activity in fibrotic enlargement is essential for periodontists, as it informs treatment approaches, including the need for surgical intervention if the enlargement interferes with oral function or aesthetics.