Which cervical enamel projection grade extends horizontally into the furcation?

Cervical enamel projections (CEPs) are defined as enamel extensions from the cemento-enamel junction into the furcation area of multirooted teeth. They can vary in their extension and are classified into grades based on how far they project into the furcation.

Grade I CEPs are characterized by a slight apical displacement of the enamel projection, but they do not significantly extend into the furcation area. Grade II projections extend more into the furcation but still maintain a vertical or slightly angled position.

Grade III CEPs, however, extend horizontally into the furcation, which means they significantly invade the interradicular area, presenting potential challenges for periodontal treatment. This grade is crucial because the presence of a horizontally extending enamel projection can complicate the access for cleaning, making it a greater risk factor for periodontal disease due to Plaque retention in that area.

Grade IV CEPs denote a complete perforation within the furcation area, which is even more severe than grade III, potentially allowing for direct communication between the periodontal tissue and the oral cavity.

Thus, the classification of cervical enamel projections is essential for understanding the implications of these structures on periodontal health, with the significant horizontal extension characteristic of Grade III CEPs being noteworthy in the context of