Which factor can worsen periodontal diseases and negatively affect prognosis?

Smoking is a significant factor that can worsen periodontal diseases and negatively affect prognosis. The negative impact of smoking on periodontal health is well-documented; it impairs immune function, reduces blood flow to the gums, and alters the microbiome, making it more favorable for pathogenic bacteria. Smokers have a higher prevalence of periodontal disease and often experience more severe attachment loss compared to non-smokers.

Additionally, smoking has been shown to inhibit the healing process following periodontal therapy, resulting in poorer outcomes after treatment. The harmful substances in tobacco can lead to inflammation and tissue destruction, thus exacerbating existing periodontal conditions and making them more challenging to manage.

In contrast, good oral hygiene, regular dental visits, and younger age are associated with better periodontal health and outcomes, as they contribute to the prevention and early detection of periodontal diseases. Good oral hygiene practices help in controlling plaque buildup, regular dental visits ensure timely professional cleanings and treatments, and younger individuals typically have a healthier tissue response and lower rates of periodontal destruction.